Category Archives: Uncategorized

How to do salat prayer

Posted on by
Reply

How to Perform Salah

Having cleansed yourself by Wudu, you may proceed to perform Salah. Wudu is a ritual cleansing. Before you begin your Salah, however, you must make sure that you have a clean body, a clean place to pray, and that you are wearing clothing free of impurities. The minimum clothing required during Salah is:

A. For males: Any clothing that covers from the naval to the knees. It is preferable to cover the shoulders.

B. For females: Any clothing that covers all of the body (including the head) except the face, hands, and according to Imam Abu-Hanifah the toes and a portion of the front of the feet.

The way to offer Salah is:

1.          Stand upright facing the direction of Al-Ka’bah.  This position is called Qiyaam and the direction is called Qiblah in Arabic.  The Qiblah in North America is towards the east with a slight angle towards the north.

2.          Make Niyyah (intention) in your heart for the prayer you want to pray.

3.          Raise your hands to your ears and say: “Allahu Akbar.” This means: (Allah is the Greatest). This is called Takbiratul Ihram

4.          Now place your right hand on top of your left hand on the chest and look downward to the place where your forehead will touch the ground in the Sujood (prostration) and recite silently:

“Subhanaka allahumma wa bi hamdika wa tabara kasmuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghairuka.”

سبحانك اللهم و بحمدك،  وتبارك اسمك، و تعالى جدك، ولا إله غيرك

This means: “O Allah, how perfect You are and praise be to You. Blessed is Your name, and exalted is Your majesty. There is no god but You.” [Only recite this supplication, Subhanaka, at the beginning of the first Rak'ah]

Then recite silently:  “A’udhu billahi minash shaitanir rajim.”

أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم

This is called Ta’awwudh, and it means: “I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan.”

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Then recite:  “Bismillahir rahmanir rahim.”

This is called Tasmiyah, and it means: “In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.”

5.          After this, recite Suratul Fatihah (the opening chapter) of the Noble Qur’an:

“Al hamdu lil lahi rabbil ‘alamin. Arrahmanir rahim. Maliki yawmiddin. Iyyaka na’budu wa iyyaka nasta’in. Ihdinas siratal mustaqim. Siratal ladhina an’amta’alaihim, ghairil maghdubi’alaihim wa lad dhallin. (Amin)”

<< الحمد لله رب العالمين، الرحمن الرحيم، مالك يوم الدين، إياك نعبد

< وإياك نستعين، اهدنا الصراط المستقيم، صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم غير المغضوب عليهم ولأ الضا لين >

This means:

“All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the most Gracious, the most Merciful; Master of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship, from You alone we seek help. Guide us along the straight path – the path of those whom You favored, not of those who earned Your anger or went astray.”

You must recite Surat Al-Fatihah in each unit (Rak’ah) of the prayer, if you pray alone.  However, if praying behind an Imam and he recites loudly, then it is not necessary for you to recite it.

6.          Now recite any other passage from the Noble Qur’an.

For example:  “Bismillahir rahmanir rahim

Qul hu wal lahu ahad, allahus samad, lam yalid wa lam yulad, wa lam ya kul lahu kufuwan ahad.”

< بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم >

< قل هوا لله أحد،الله الصمد، لم يلد و لم يولد، و لم يكن له كفوا أحد >

This means:

“In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.  Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah is Eternal and Absolute. He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none co-equal unto Him.”

7.          Now bow down saying: “Allahu Akbar” and place your hands on your knees and say silently: “Subhana Rabbiyal Adhim.” This means: (How Perfect is my Lord, the Supreme) three times.  This position is called Rukoo’. Keep your head in line with your back, and look downward to the place of Sujood. (See step 9)

8.          Stand up from the bowing position saying: “Sami’Allahu liman hamidah” (Allah hears those who praise Him)”Rabbana lakal hamd.” This means: (Our Lord, praise be to You).

9.          Prostrate on the floor saying:  “Allahu Akbar” with your forehead, nose, palms of both hands, your knees, and toes all touching the floor.  Then recite silently: “Subhana Rabbiyal A’la.”

(How Perfect is my Lord, the Highest) three times. This position is called Sujood. Keep your arms away from the sides of the body and the ground.

10.        Sit up from the floor saying Allahu Akbar. Sit upright with your knees bent and palms placed on them and say: “Rabbighfir li.”

رب اغفر لي

This means:

“O my Lord! Forgive me.”

Say “Allahu Akbar” and again prostrate in the Sujood position. Recite “Subhana Rabbiyal A’la” three times. Sit up from this position saying “Allahu Akbar”

This completes the first Rak’ah or unit of Salah.  Now stand up for the second Rak’ah and perform it in the same way, except that you do not recite Subhanaka at the beginning, and after the second Sujood (prostration) you sit on the left leg while keeping the right foot upright and put your right hand on the right thigh, with all fingers together in a fist except the index finger. Stick the index finger straight out. Put your left hand on the left thigh. Now recite Tashahhud silently:

التحيات لله  والصلوات  والطيبات، السلام عليك أيها النبي  ورحمة لله

وبركاته، السلام علينا و على عباد الله الصالحين، أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله.

“At-Tahiyyatu lillahi              This means: “Greetings, prayers and

was- Salawatu wat-Tayyibatu.              goodness belong to Allah.

As-Salamu ‘ alaika                                                Peace be on you,

ayyuhannabiyyu                                                               O Prophet

wa rahmatullahi                                          and the mercy of Allah

wa barakatuhu.                                                    and His blessings.

Assalamu ‘alaina wa’ala                              Peace be on us and on

ibadil-Lahis -Salihin                      the righteous servants of Allah

ash hadu al-La ilaha                                           I bear witness that

il-Lal lahu                                                there is no god but Allah,

wa ash hadu anna                                           and bear witness that

Muhammadan abduhu                          Muhammad is His servant

wa rasuluhu.”                                                        and Messenger.”

In a three-Rak’ah Salah (as in Maghrib) or a four-Rak’ah Salah (Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha) you stand up for the remaining Rak’ah(s) after you have done Tashahhud. For a two-Rak’ah Salah you remain seated after Tashahhud and then recite silently Assalatul-Ibrahimiyah:

اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد، كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم، وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد، كما باركت على إبراهيم

وعلى آل إبراهيم، في العالمين إنك حميد مجيد.

“Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin            “O Allah, let Your mercy come upon Muhammad

Wa ‘ala ali Muhammadin                                 and the family of Muhammad

Kama sallaita ‘ala Ibrahima                             as You let it come upon Ibrahim

wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima                                           and the family of Ibrahim

wa barik ‘ala Muhammadin                             O Allah, bless Muhammad

wa ‘ala ali Muhammadin                                  and the family of Muhammad

Kama barakta ‘ ala Ibrahima                          as You blessed Ibrahim

Wa ‘ ala ali Ibrahima                                         and the family of Ibrahim.

Fil a’lamina Innaka                                           Truly You are

hamidun Majid.”                                               Praiseworthy and Glorious.”

After this say silently: “Allahumma inni a’udhu bika min adhabi jahanam wamin adhabil qabri wamin sharri fitnatil mahya wal mamat wamin sharri fitnatil masihid dajjaal. Rabbi-ghfir li waliwalidayya, rabbi-rhamhuma kama rabbayani saghira.”

اللهم إني أعوذ بك من عذاب جهنم، و من عذاب القبر، و من فتنة المحيا و الممات، و من فتنة المسيح الدجال، رب اغفر لي  و لوالدي  رب ارحمهما  كما ربياني  صغيرا.

This means: “O Allah! I seek refuge in You from the torment of the Hellfire, from the torment of the grave, from the trials and afflictions of life and death, and from the deception of the False-Christ. O my Lord! Grant me and my parents forgiveness, and bestow Your mercy upon them, just as they brought zme up when I was small.”

11.        Now turn your face to the right saying: “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah” (peace and the mercy of Allah be on you) and then to the left repeating the same words.


How to Perform Salah

Prayer is a Muslim’s Mairaj, or communication with Allah. Prayer purifies and cleans your mind five times a day, and serves to bring peace to your life. Prayer is a man’s way of thanking Allah, and reminds him that Allah is watching over his life, giving him the courage to face even the toughest of times. This article explains how the Islamic prayer, salah, is performed.

Steps

Prepare for prayer. Preparing for prayer includes cleaning yourself, wearing clean clothes, and finding a clean and pure place to pray.

* Perform the Wudu, or the Ghusl, depending on your requirement. You must perform the Ghusl if you have had sexual intercourse, after discharge of other sexual fluids, and after a woman has completed her menstrual cycle.
* Wear clean clothes. Men should cover at least the part of their body between the navel and the knees, but it is preferable to wear a (preferably long sleeved) shirt. The lower garment must extend to below the knees, but must be above the ankles.
* Pray in a clean place. The place where you pray must be clean and pure. If you are not sure whether the ground is clean or not, spread a clean cloth over it.

Stand to face the Qibla. The Qibla is the direction towards the Holy Kaaba. Some compasses modified for this purpose are now available. Many hotel rooms also have the Qibla direction marked somewhere on the roof. You must be looking towards the spot where your head will touch the ground during the Sajdah and your feet must be evenly spaced. Shiite muslims use a stone in their prayer. When they go to Sajdah, they place their forehead on the stone. If you are a Sunni, you don’t need a stone, but if you are a Shiite, you should use a stone. If a stone is not available, use a napkin or a blank piece of paper.

Make the intention to pray. You do not need to say it out loud, but you need to know which prayer of the day you are performing, what will be the type of the rakaat, and the number of rakaats. An example would be to think “I will perform 2/4 rakaat farz/sunnat/nafil of the fajr/zuhr/asr/maghrib/isha/ prayer”.

Perform the Takbiratul Ihram. This starts the prayer. Raise your hands, palms facing forwards, up till your ear lobes (or to your shoulders if you are a woman), and say الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar = God is The Greatest).

Perform Qiyam. Qiyam is where you stand up, your hands folded across your chest, and recite the Surah Al Fatiha and another short portion of the Qur’an.

1. Stand up straight, with your hands folded. Your right hand should be over your left, and they should overlap till the wrists only. Men place their folded hands below their navel, and women at chest level(Three of the Sunni schools of Islamic law: the Hanafi, Shafi’i and Hanbali groups pray with their hands folded. Malikis pray with their arms at their sides. If you are a Shiite, stand with your arms at your sides.)

2. Recite Surah Al-FatihahAl-Fatihah. Your voice should preferably be audible to yourself, but if it is not, at least your lips need to move. If your lips do not move, and you think the prayer, it will be invalid.

3. Recite a short portion of the Qur’an. It is helpful to have memorized small surahs of the Qur’an by heart. The last of the 30 parts of the Qur’an contains many small surahs that are easy to memorize. Commonly recited surahs are Surah Al-Ikhlas, Surah Al-Falaq, Surah Al-Nas, and Surah Al-Kafirun.

Perform Ruk’u. The ruku is basically a bow. You unfold your hands and bow, then placing your hands on your knees. Your back should become parallel to the ground. It is essential to completely bow, not just tilt your body at 45o to the vertical. Say الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar)as you perform this step. When you are in ruku, recite سبحان ربى العظيم (Subhan rabbi alAdheem) thrice.

Rise up. Rise from the bow, while reciting ربنا لك الحمد (Our Lord, to You is due all praise).

Perform Prostration. Say الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar) and prostrate, placing your forehead, palms, and knees on the ground. The bases of both feet’s fingers need to touch the ground. Your forehead must be bare – a covered forehead invalidates prayer. Recite سبحان ربى الأعلى (Subhan rabbi alAla) thrice. A woman’s elbows may touch the ground, but men must keep their elbows raised above the ground.

Rise to a sitting position, saying الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar). When you are in this position, you must keep your eyes at your lap. Men turn up the heel, and bend the toes, of the right foot. Women keep both their feet, soles up, under their body.

Prostrate again, saying الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar). The second prostration is identical to the first one.

Rise up to proceed to the next raka’at, saying الله أَكْبَر (Allahu Akbar). The second raka’at is identical to the first one up till the second prostration, but without the Takbiratul Ihram.
* Perform the Tasyahhud at the end of the second raka’at. After the second prostration, stay in a sitting position and recite the Tashahhud (also known as Tahiyat) and then the Salawat

Atta-hiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibatu As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuh-an-Nabiyyu wa rahmat-ullahi wa barakatuhu As-salamu ‘alaina wa ‘alaa ‘Ibaadillah-is-salihin. Ash-hadu-al-la-Ilaha illAllahu wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa Rasuluh. meaning All worships – oral, physical and momentary – are for Allah. Allah’s peace be upon you, O Prophet, and His mercy and blessings. Peace be on us and on all righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger.

* If you are performing only two raka’ats, then this is the last raka’at. After saying the Tasyahhud and the Salawat, say the Durud,

اللهم صلى على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم

و بارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم فى العلمين إنك انت الحميد المجيد

(Allahuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala Aali Muhammad kama saliet ala Ibrahim wa ala Aali Ibrahim ennak hameed majeed, wa barik ala Muhammad wa ala Aali Muhammad kama barakta ala Ibrahim wa ala Aali Ibrahim ennak hameed majeed) and then complete the prayer by looking over your right shoulder (where the angel who records your good deeds is) and saying the Salaam

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

and then looking over your left shoulder (where the angel who records your wrongful deeds is) and saying the same.

If you are performing more than two raka’ats, do not say the Durud or the Salaam, but rise after saying the Tasyahhud and Salawat and proceed to the next raka’at. The third raka’at is performed just like the first one, and you rise directly after the second prostration without saying the Tasyahhud or Salaam, unless it is your last raka’at. After your last raka’at, complete the prayer after the second prostration by reciting the Tasyahhud, Salawat, Durud, and Salaam, as described in the step above.

* Note on farz and witr prayers:
o In the farz prayers, the first two rak’at are performed as stated above.In any raka’ats after that, during the Qiyam, only the Surah Al-Fatiha is recited, and is not followed by a short portion of the Holy Qur’an/
o In the three witr raka’at for the Isha’ prayer, the first two are performed as stated above. In the third raka’at, after reciting a short portion of the Qur’an in the Qiyam, say الله أَكْبَر and raise your hands to your ears (chest for women), as in the Takbiratul Ihram, and then lower and fold them. Then, say the Dua-e-Qunut. After that, bow and prostrate as usual.

EditThe five prayers of the day

* Fajr prayer is offered between dawn and sunrise. It consists of two raka’at sunnah, followed by two raka’at farz.

* Zuhr prayer is offered between true noon and the time when an object’s shadow equals it in size. It consists of four raka’at pre-farz sunnah, four raka’at farz, two raka’at post farz sunnah, and two raka’at nafil.

* Asr prayer is offered between the time when an object’s shadow equals it in size, to just before sunset. It contains four raka’at pre-farz sunnah, and four raka’at farz.

* Maghrib prayer is offered between sunset to the time when twilight disappears. It contains three raka’at farz followed by two raka’at post-farz sunnah and two raka’at nafil.

* Isha’ prayer is offered between the time when the twilight disappears and mdnight. It consists of four raka’at pre-farz sunnah, 4 raka’at farz, two raka’at post-farz sunnah, two raka’at nafil, and three witr.


ResourceS:-

How to do it security audit

Posted on by
1

What is a Security Audit?

You may see the phrase “penetration test” used interchangeably with the phrase “computer security audit”. They are not the same thing. A penetration test (also known as a pen-test) is a very narrowly focused attempt to look for security holes in a critical resource, such as a firewall or Web server. Penetration testers may only be looking at one service on a network resource. They usually operate from outside the firewall with minimal inside information in order to more realistically simulate the means by which a hacker would attack the site.

On the other hand, a computer security audit is a systematic, measurable technical assessment of how the organization’s security policy is employed at a specific site. Computer security auditors work with the full knowledge of the organization, at times with considerable inside information, in order to understand the resources to be audited.

Security audits do not take place in a vacuum; they are part of the on-going process of defining and maintaining effective security policies. This is not just a conference room activity. It involves everyone who uses any computer resources throughout the organization. Given the dynamic nature of computer configurations and information storage, some managers may wonder if there is truly any way to check the security ledgers, so to speak. Security audits provide such a tool, a fair and measurable way to examine how secure a site really is.

Security Policy Defined

As stated, a security audit is essentially an assessment of how effectively the organization’s security policy is being implemented. Of course, this assumes that the organization has a security policiy in place which, unfortunately, is not always the case. Even today, it is possible to find a number of organizations where a written security policy does not exist. Security policies are a means of standardizing security practices by having them codified (in writing) and agreed to by employees who read them and sign off on them. When security practices are unwritten or informal, they may not be generally understood and practiced by all employees in the organization. Furthermore, until all employees have read and signed off on the security policy, compliance of the policy cannot be enforced. Written security policies are not about questioning the integrity and competency of employees; rather, they ensure that everyone at every level understands how to protect company data and agrees to fulfill their obligations in order to do so.

Natural tensions frequently exist between workplace culture and security policy. Even with the best of intentions, employees often choose convenience over security. For example, users may know that they should choose difficult-to-guess passwords, but they may also want those passwords to be close at hand. So every fledgling auditor knows to check for sticky notes on the monitor and to pick up the keyboard and look under it for passwords. IT staff may know that every local administrator account should have a password; yet, in the haste to build a system, they may just bypass that step, intending to set the password later, and therefore place an insecure system on the network.

The security audit should seek to measure security policy compliance and recommend solutions to deficiencies in compliance. The policy should also be subject to scrutiny. Is it a living document, accurately reflecting how the organization protects IT assets on a daily basis? Does the policy reflect industry standards for the type of IT resources in use throughout the organization?

Pre-Audit Homework

Before the computer security auditors even begin an organizational audit, there’s a fair amount of homework that should be done. Auditors need to know what they’re auditing. In addition to reviewing the results of any previous audits that may have been conducted, there may be several tools they will use or refer to before. The first is a site survey. This is a technical description of the system’s hosts. It also includes management and user demographics. This information may be out of date, but it can still provide a general framework. Security questionnaires may be used as to follow up the site survey. These questionnaires are, by nature, subjective measurements, but they are useful because they provide a framework of agreed-upon security practices. The respondents are usually asked to rate the controls used to govern access to IT assets. These controls include: management controls, authentication/access controls, physical security, outsider access to systems, system administration controls and procedures, connections to external networks, remote access, incident response, and contingency planning.

Site surveys and security questionnaires should be clearly written with quantifiable responses of specific requirements. They should offer a numerical scale from least desired (does not meet requirements) to most desired (meets requirements and has supporting documentation). Both should include electronic commerce considerations if appropriate to the client organization. For instance, credit card companies have compliance templates listing specific security considerations for their products. These measure network, operating system, and application security as well as physical security.

Auditors, especially internal auditors, should review previous security incidents at the client organization to gain an idea of historical weak points in the organization’s security profile. It should also examine current conditions to ensure that repeat incidents cannot occur. If auditors are asked to examine a system that allows Internet connections, they may also want to know about IDS/Firewall log trends. Do these logs show any trends in attempts to exploit weaknesses? Could there be an underlying reason (such as faulty firewall rules) that such attempts are taking place on an ongoing basis. How can this be tested?

Because of the breadth of data to be examined, auditors will want to work with the client to determine the scope of the audit. Factors to consider include: the site business plan, the type of data being protected and the value/importance of that data to the client organization, previous security incidents, the time available to complete the audit and the talent/expertise of the auditors. Good auditors will want to have the scope of the audit clearly defined, understood and agreed to by the client.

Next, the auditors will develop audit plan. This plan will cover how will audit be executed, with which personnel, and using what tools. They will then discuss the plan with the requesting agency. Next they discuss the objective of the audit with site personnel along with some of the logistical details, such as the time of the audit, which site staff may be involved and how the audit will affect daily operations. Next, the auditors should ensure audit objectives are understood.

At the Audit Site

When the auditors arrive at the site, their aim is to not to adversely affect business transactions during the audit. They should conduct an entry briefing where they again outline the scope of the audit and what they are going to accomplish. Any questions that site management may have should be addressed and last minute requests considered within the framework of the original audit proposal.

The auditors should be thorough and fair, applying consistent standards and procedures throughout the audit. During the audit, they will collect data about the physical security of computer assets and perform interviews of site staff. They may perform network vulnerability assessments, operating system and application security assessments, access controls assessment, and other evaluations. Throughout this process, the auditors should follow their checklists, but also keep eyes open for unexpected problems. Here they get their noses off the checklist and start to sniff the air. They should look beyond any preconceived notions or expectations of what they should find and see what is actually there.

Conduct Outgoing Briefing

After the audit is complete, the auditors will conduct an outgoing briefing, ensuring that management is aware of any problems that need immediate correction. Questions from management are answered in a general manner so as not to create a false impression of the audit’s outcome. It should be stressed that the auditors may not be in a position to provide definitive answers at this point in time. Any final answers will be provided following the final analysis of the audit results.

Back in the Office

Once back in the home office, the auditors will begin to comb their checklists and analyze data discovered through vulnerability assessment tools. There should be an initial meeting to help focus the outcome of the audit results. During this meeting, the auditors can identify problem areas and possible solutions. The audit report can be prepared in a number of formats, but auditors should keep the report simple and direct, containing concrete findings with measurable ways to correct the discovered deficiencies.

The audit report can follow a general format of executive summary, detailed findings and supporting data, such as scan reports as report appendices. When you write the report, develop executive summary first, as you may have to brief management soon after return. It’s important to realize that strengths as well as deficiencies can be addressed in the executive summary to help give an overall balance to the audit report. Next, the auditors can provide detailed report based on audit checklists. The audit findings should be organized in a simple and logical manner on one-page worksheets for each discovered problem. This worksheet outlines the problem, its implications, and how it can be corrected. Space should be left on the worksheet to allow the site to document corrective steps and a comment block to dispute the finding if appropriate.

Don’t Keep Them Waiting

Finally, the audit staff should prepare the report as speedily as accuracy allows so that the site staff can correct the problems discovered during the audit. Depending on company policy, auditors should be ready to guide the audited site staff in correcting deficiencies and help them measure the success of these efforts. Management should continually supervise deficiencies that are turned up by the audit until they are completely corrected. The motto for higher management armed with the audit report should be, “follow up, follow up, follow up.”

The Audit – Not an Event but a Process

It must be kept in mind that as organizations evolve, their security structures will change as well. With this in mind, the computer security audit is not a one-time task, but a continual effort to improve data protection. The audit measures the organization’s security policy and provides an analysis of the effectiveness of that policy within the context of the organization’s structure, objectives and activities. The audit should build on previous audit efforts to help refine the policy and correct deficiencies that are discovered through the audit process. Whereas tools are an important part of the audit process, the audit is less about the use of the latest and greatest vulnerability assessment tool, and more about the use of organized, consistent, accurate, data collection and analysis to produce findings that can be measurably corrected.



How to Do an IT Security Audit

Computerworld – If you’re the IT manager at a small to midsize business, it’s only a matter of time until you’re asked to do an IT security audit. Even in a larger company, if security is decentralized, you may be the go-to guy in IT. You’re neither a security expert nor an auditor, and resources are tight. How will you begin and where will you go from there?

• First, don’t panic. “People sell themselves short,” says Jay M. Williams, senior vice president and chief technology officer at The Concours Group, an IT consulting firm in Kingwood, Texas. “For the most part, security is common sense.”

• Join a security research organization such as the Information Security Forum, says RA Vernon, chief security officer at Reuters America Inc. in New York. “You’ll find a group of individuals willing to talk about security issues, share experiences and add some value to any process you may try to implement,” he says. They can direct you to software, methodologies and other resources to help you tackle the job.

• Consult with your business executives to be sure you understand which aspects of your business are most vulnerable to security threats.

• Consider your industry. “Too often people think they have to create Fort Knox,” Williams says, but in reality, few companies have extremely tight data security requirements. “If you’re in the nuclear power business, you’re right at the top,” he says. “But if you’re in baked goods, nobody’s looking to knock off the Keebler elf.”

• Manage executive expectations. “An IT audit program will not happen overnight,” says David Hoelzer, director of Global Information Assurance Certification and manager of the Advanced Systems Audit track of the SANS Institute, a cooperative security research and education organization in Bethesda, Md. Depending on the size of the organization, it will take at least several weeks, he says. “Prepare management for the work that will be required of them to assist you,” he adds, because they’ll need to help correct any faulty policies and practices that are uncovered.

• Map it out. Work with technology and business analysts to draw a high-level schematic of the vulnerable intersections of technology and business, Vernon suggests.

ResourceS:-

How to do squats with weights

Posted on by
1

How to Do a Squat

The squat is an excellent upper and lower body workout that primarily targets your thighs (quadriceps or “quads”) and hips (gluteus maximus or “glutes”) but also works the hamstrings and lower back. If done incorrectly, it can lead to pain or injury, so you have to be careful about getting it right so that you don’t get hurt. There are many variations of the squat, so the steps below will describe the classic barbell back squat, followed by variations.

Steps

Warm up. This is critical in preventing injury. Warm up first by getting your heart rate up and then by following the below directions for a squat, but with a very small amount weight.

Select weights that are appropriate for your strength and set them up on the barbell. If you have the option of adjusting the height of the bar, bring it to a level below your shoulders, to about your armpits.

Get below the bar and bend your knees slightly. Plant your feet flat on the ground about shoulder width apart. You’ll want equal weight distribution throughout each foot during the exercise.

* Point your feet slightly outward, not straight ahead.
* Don’t stand with your feet much further than shoulder width apart (wide stance). That’ll bring your adductors (inner thighs) into the movement, which can cause stress to the medial collateral ligament, abnormal cartilage loading, and improper patellar tracking. Likewise, keeping your feet too close together (close stance) [[will put too much stress on your back and knees.

Position bar on the base of the neck and across the back of your shoulders.
Position bar on the base of the neck and across the back of your shoulders. Grasp the bar with your hands at a spot that is comfortable, usually about six inches (15cm) from your shoulders.

Raise and dismount the barbell]] from the rack (take a step forward or back if the rack will interfere in the motion).

Look straight ahead and keeping your back straight (not round or arched; keep it flat) bend at your knees as if you were going to sit back in a chair.

* Never let your knees extend beyond your toes, as this will increase the likelihood of damage to the patellar tendon and ligament in the knee.

Stand up by extending your hips and knees until your legs are straight, and exhale on your way up.

Replace barbell on rack when finished.

Squats are one of the best lower body exercises you can do. Why? One reason is that squats are multi-joint exercises which target all the muscles of the hips, glutes and thighs. This version, which requires no weights or equipment (other than a chair) is great for beginners, for anyone with knee problems or for those who are overweight and need a bit more support. It’s also great for anyone wanting to add more functionality into their lives because it mimics the movements we do each time we sit down or stand up.

1. Place a chair just behind you and stand in front of it with feet about hip- or shoulder-width apart.

2. Contract the abs and keep them tight as you bend the knees and slowly squat towards the chair.

3. Keep the knees behind the toes as you sit down on the chair for a few seconds.

4. Contract the glutes and hamstrings to lift up out of the chair and begin extending the legs.

5. Fully extend the legs until you’re back to standing position.

6. Repeat this for 1-3 sets of 10-16 repetitions.

7. To progress, squat down until you’re just hovering over the chair, but not sitting all the way down.

8. Always keep the knees in line with the toes!

ResourceS:-

How To Do A windows Xp Repair Install

Posted on by
Reply

How to Do a windows xp repair install?

An XP repair install can be useful if your computer has a problem that you can’t fix but you don’t want to resort to reinstalling the entire operating system.

The repair installation will reinstall the core files of the Windows operating system, while leaving your data and drivers intact.

This repair technique can be completed in a relatively short amount of time and once done, will leave your system in a fresh state, hopefully repairing the issues that were plaguing it.

Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer. Restart your computer and press the function key that will show you the boot manager window.

This function key is usually F10, F11 or F12, but varies depending on computer manufacturer.

The BIOS bootup screen will show you what key this is, but if you don’t see it, check with your computer manufacturer

Select the option to boot from your CD drive, then press any key on your computer when you see the message “Press any key to boot from CD”.

This will start the Windows Setup program, which contains the Repair Installation tool as one of the options Wait for the setup program to fully load (this may take a few moments).

Select the option to install Windows once the setup program has finished Do not select the option to enter the Recovery Console.

Press the F8 key to agree to the terms and conditions of the Windows license agreement.

Choose the hard drive or system partition on which your XP operating system is installed and then select the Repair option.

Once you confirm that you want to repair the installation, the automated repair tool will take over and begin to reinstall the operating system.

the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

http://support.microsoft.com

http://www.webtree.ca

How to do a works cited page for a book

Posted on by
95

How to Make Works Cited Page ?

Begin your Work Cited page on a clear sheet and center the words
“Work Cited” on the top line of the page.

Your page should include 1-inch margins and follow the same header format as the rest of your paper.

Double-space all citations, and create hanging indentations on all second and subsequent lines of each citation.

Each new citation should begin at the margin.

Alphabetize your citations by author’s last name, and make sure your capitalization and punctuation are appropriate.

Use italics or underline the titles of large works, such as books and magazines Use quotation marks for poems and articles.

If your reference has no listed author, list the book alphabetically by the book’s title.

List the page numbers to refer the reader to the page on which you obtained your quotation or information.

Format each entry on your Works Cited page according to the style standards your instructor requires.

One of the most commonly used styles is the Modern Language Association style.

To conform with MLA style, list the author’s last name, then first name, and separate the names by a comma The first name should be followed by a period Enter the title of the book.

Underline or italicize the book’s name, and follow it with a period. Enter the name of the book’s place of publication and then a semicolon. List the name of the publisher, follow it with a comma, then list the year of the book’s publication.

End the citation with a period Your citation should look something like this:

AuthorLastName, Firstname. Title of Book Boston: Random House, 2009.

If the book has more than one author, list the names in alphabetical order and follow the same format:

Brown, John, and James Author The Title of Book. Boston: Random House, 2009.

If the book has an edition, you must list the edition information after the title of the book:

Brown, John, and James Author The Title of Book about Citation 5th ed. New York: Random House, 2009.

Books without authors and pamphlets should be cited in the same manner:

Title for a Pamphlet or Book Without an Author Washington: Random House, 2009.

Dissertations may be cited even if they have not yet been published. They should include the abbreviation “Diss” and the university:

Brown,John J. Dissertation on the Appropriate Way to Create a Works Cited Page Diss. University of Higher Learning of Works Cited, 2006. New York: Random House, 2009.

image of Any books you use in writing a paper should be included in your Works Cited page

Research papers and term papers require that you cite your reference information on the Works Cited page.
The Works Cited page should appear at the end of your paper and start on a separate sheet.
The page will include the name of the books or other resources you used, as well as information enabling your reader to easily refer to your sources.
the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

http://owl.english.purdue.edu

http://www.studyguide.org

How to do a wheelie

Posted on by
Reply

“Wheel stand” redirects here For the bicycle wheel straightening tool, see wheel truing stand.

In vehicle acrobatics, a wheelie is a vehicle maneuver in which the front wheel or wheels come off the ground due to extreme torque being applied to the rear wheel or wheels.

Wheelies are usually associated with bicycles and motorcycles, but can be done with other vehicles such as cars, especially in drag racing and tractor pulling.

HOW TO DO A WHEELIE ?

The way I will tell you how to do a wheelie and you being able to just go out and do it, and get it right after a while will all depend on how good you are at knowing and feeling what you can do with your bike.

If you ride an R1 CBR 900 – 1200 Bandit etc, These types of bikes are the easiest of all for wheelies because they will wheelie off the throttle in first gear without trying hard at all.

How to Do a Wheelie on a Mountain Bike ?

“Generally speaking, this is one of the most time-consuming and difficult moves out there,” says Hans.

“Some guys, even in the World Cup race, cannot ride a good wheelie But you’ll see kids riding them because they put the time into it.”

Adjust your seat to a low position You’ll ride the wheelie sitting down,and seat position will help keep your center of gravity and balance.

Put the bike into a medium or low gear and begin at rolling speed.

Crouch your upper body so your weight is over the handlebars.

Turn the cranks to the 11:00 position.

Pedal down and pull up on the handlebars simultaneously.

Immediately lean back as if you were in a rocking chair and continue pedaling. You need to trust your rear brake, otherwise you’ll flip over backward.

Outstretch your arms and sit on the tip of the seat.

Keep one finger on the rear brake while the others firmly hold the grip.

Feather the brake continually this helps to control speed and can prevent you from falling on your butt.

Relax The front tire should be pretty high in the air.

Begin controlling the two balances: vertical and sideways.

Adjust the vertical balance with the rear brake (if leaning too far back) or by pedaling (if your front wheel begins to drop).

Fight the sideways balance early; it’s impossible to recover if you wait too long.

Control the sideways balance by sticking out a knee or foot, or by turning the handlebars in the opposite direction (Just make sure the handlebars are straight before you come down).
Let the front wheel drop to come out of the move.

photo of A motorcycle wheelie

“Wheel stand” redirects here For the bicycle wheel straightening tool, see wheel truing stand

the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

http://www.cybersportbike.com

http://en.wikipedia.org

How to do a wire transfer

Posted on by
Reply

How to Do an International Wire Transfer ?

Contact the foreign bank and collect the following information:

1.Name of Bank
2.Bank Identifier Code (BIC)
3.Full address of the bank or branch address
4.IBAN # if sending to Europe

Collect the following information from the beneficiary of the funds:

1.Name
2.Account number
3.Complete address

Determine the amount of money you wish to send Ensure the availability of the funds in your account.

Remember,usually there is a fee for each international wire transfer. Shop around credit union banks for a good rate.

After sending the wire, ask for a confirmation Collect necessary information to track the wire transfer.

Also ask the beneficiary bank for an email or fax confirming the receipt of funds.

Wire transfer or credit transfer is a method of Electronic funds transfer from one person or institution (entity) to another.

A wire transfer can be made from one bank account to another bank account or through a transfer of cash at a cash office.

Wire transfer systems are intended to provide more individualized transactions than bulk payment systems such as ACH and Check21.

picture of Do an International Wire Transfer

A wire transfer helps to move money from one account to another account.
The convenience of not having to physically move the funds is unbeatable Below are simple step by step instructions for wiring your money.

the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

https://www.wellsfargo.com

http://en.wikipedia.org

How to do a waterfall braid

Posted on by
Reply

Curly Bun With Braided Hairstyles ?

There are many types of formal hairstyles, but the curly bun with braids is one of the prettiest This style looks ornate, but is not difficult to do.

And there is more than one way to wear it Regardless of how you choose to wear this style, it will be worthy of attention.

Types of Curly Buns:

The basics for a curly bun are curls and hairpins. Make a curly bun by using a curling iron on straight hair, then piling the curls up for a soft waterfall effect Or, wrap those curls into a curly bun low on the neck, and leave strands of hair free around the temples and brow.

Pin and gather curls into place on the sides of the head for a fun and funky look, or on the very top for a look worthy of the Paris runway. Add a few bows or sparkly hair accessories for a night out, and you are ready for any event.

According to the Hair Boutique website, the messy undone bun is an easy, fun look as well Make a shallow part, and loosely comb the hair to the back in a ponytail.

Curl and pin the ends under Gently sweep the hair in front up and away from the face, and you have a new style.

Types of Braids:

Braids can run the gamut of looks. Make little girl pigtails by dividing the hair down the center, then braiding each side Do individual braids by parting the hair off into small sections and braiding each one.

You can also use synthetic hair to create individual braids, which can result in a longer, fuller look French braids are a classic example of a braid that goes from day to night easily, and you can do these either as a single braid down the back, or as braids on either side of the head.

Braids can easily be decorated with beads, bows and hair accessories. Individual braids have the most versatility; you can wear them down, or put them up into just about any other hairstyle.

The bonus to braids is that they can protect the hair against wear and tear Once braided, there is no need to brush or comb for at least a week This can promote hair growth, especially if you’ve suffered from damaged hair.

Putting Them Together:

Curly buns and braids equal an almost limitless number of options. You could try a small French braid across the top of the head, curling the rest of the hair into a bun.

Or part off two locks of hair from the front, and pin up the back for a curly bun with hair flowing from the bottom a waterfall effect Then, braid the two locks into individual braids and pin them into the waterfall.

For a variation on this, let the braids hang for a looping effect, then pin Another idea is to French braid the hair from the nape of the neck up to the crown.

Curl the ends, and pin them into a bun Individual braids would also work with this because of their flexibility Curl the ends and you guessed it pin them into a bun, a high one near the top of the head. The lines of the braids will lead the eye right to the bun itself.

photo of How to do a waterfall braid

photo of How to do a waterfall braid

Types of Curly Buns:

The basics for a curly bun are curls and hairpins. Make a curly bun by using a curling iron on straight hair, then piling the curls up for a soft waterfall effect Or, wrap those curls into a curly bun low on the neck, and leave strands of hair free around the temples and brow.

the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

http://mrmoneybloggingtips.com

http://kissandtell.onsugar.com

How to do a works cited

Posted on by
3

How to Do Works Cited ?

Collect all of the cited work Make sure that all of the information is available to include on the works cited page.

Review appropriate styles Many academic departments direct students toward a particular format These include MLA, APA and Chicago styles.

Buy or borrow style manuals All of the major styles have their own guides or manuals that students and others can use to adhere to a specific format for works cited.

Look at elements like double spacing, alphabetization and more for the works cited section of a paper These are common formats that many instructors and academic programs demand.

Students can get more information through careful reading of style guides for skills that will benefit them later in an academic career.

Review the syllabus if your works cited page is for an academic course. Most academic instructors include a paper syllabus at the beginning of a course.

The syllabus lists most of the assignments and may provide helpful information about how to comply with specific rules from a program or professor.

Look through the syllabus for any information on how the works cited section of a paper should be done.

Many instructors have their own preferences, and these may or may not be included on the syllabus. If they are not found on the syllabus, students can ask instructors directly about how they want a works cited section to look.

Write works cited entries For each work that has been cited, include a specific line with author, publisher and other information as necessary, including pages and more.

Review the works cited page to make sure that all of the appropriate information is included.

Check citations and footnotes. Make sure that these are correctly marked on the paper so the reader can find his way from a citation or footnote to the works cited page, where he will find information on the research materials that provide a basis for the research paper or project.

How to Make Works Cited Page ?

Begin your Work Cited page on a clear sheet and center the words “Work Cited” on the top line of the page.

Your page should include 1 inch margins and follow the same header format as the rest of your paper.

Double space all citations, and create hanging indentations on all second and subsequent lines of each citation.

Each new citation should begin at the margin.

Alphabetize your citations by author’s last name, and make sure your capitalization and punctuation are appropriate Use italics or underline the titles of large works, such as books and magazines.

Use quotation marks for poems and articles If your reference has no listed author, list the book alphabetically by the book’s title.

List the page numbers to refer the reader to the page on which you obtained your quotation or information.

Format each entry on your Works Cited page according to the style standards your instructor requires.

One of the most commonly used styles is the Modern Language Association style.

To conform with MLA style, list the author’s last name, then first name, and separate the names by a comma. The first name should be followed by a period Enter the title of the book.

Underline or italicize the book’s name, and follow it with a period. Enter the name of the book’s place of publication and then a semicolon. List the name of the publisher, follow it with a comma, then list the year of the book’s publication.

End the citation with a period. Your citation should look something like this:

AuthorLastName, Firstname. Title of Book. Boston: Random House, 2009.

If the book has more than one author, list the names in alphabetical order and follow the same format:

Brown, John, and James Author The Title of Book. Boston: Random House, 2009.

If the book has an edition, you must list the edition information after the title of the book:

Brown,John, and James Author The Title of Book about Citation 5th ed. New York: Random House, 2009.

Books without authors and pamphlets should be cited in the same manner:

Title for a Pamphlet or Book Without an Author Washington: Random House, 2009.

Dissertations may be cited even if they have not yet been published. They should include the abbreviation “Diss” and the university:

photo of Any books you use in writing a paper should be included in your Works Cited page

Research papers and term papers require that you cite your reference information on the Works Cited page The Works Cited page should appear at the end of your paper and start on a separate sheet.
The page will include the name of the books or other resources you used, as well as information enabling your reader to easily refer to your sources.

the sources:

http://www.ehow.com

http://www.wikihow.com

http://ksuweb.kennesaw.edu

How to do a virus scan on a mac

Posted on by
3

How to Check your Mac for a Virus ?

Purchase an antivirus software This antivirus software, such as McAfee VirusScan for Mac (be sure you purchase it for Macs), costs money but is great for detecting viruses on Macs.

The software can be downloaded onto your computer where you can use it to run a virus scan Some programs even detect viruses without the need for scan run.

For those who don’t want to pay the price, download free antivirus software such as ClamXav.

Though not as sophisticated as the priced antivirus software (which you should get if you are seriously worried about your Mac) the ClamXav does a great job for a zero-cost product.

End note.
To best avoid a virus do not download software from unaccredited or lesser known sites Adult sites,free movie and television sites, and others that entice you to download ANYTHING are possible risks.

To figure out what’s safe, research the sites you want to visit before loading them Sometimes getting hit with a virus is unavoidable

malware writers (or “script kiddies”) are sneaky and smart.

How to Avoid Downloading a Virus from Limewire ?

Think about what it is that you want to download.

Make sure that the content you are downloading is legal.

Realize that searching for a game on Limewire usually results in an average of 50-70% of content to be a virus.

Your game will probably be much larger than a virusSo as a general rule of thumb,anything that’s claiming to be a game but is less than5MB in size is most likely a virus.

Realize that music has a camouflage virus. For example, if you type “Temmperaturree-Sean Paul” (Mistakes and all) a camouflage virus will be a search result and it will read.

“Temmperaturree Sean Paul” as opposed to a real song which will read “Temperature Sean Paul” and if you move the mouse over it you will see the year,CD it is from and other information; you will see nothing about the “song” when it is a camouflage virus.

Do not download any file types that you do not want, so if you want an mp3 music file, don’t be downloading any exe files. Remember click the tab to search for Music only.

Know that it depends on the size for programs If it’s a small program like Trayit (a program that will minimize programs into the system tray) or Artmoney (a game cheat program), you’ll have to only download the zip or rar files and scan them for viruses.

For larger programs you can usually follow the same rule of thumb for games.

Also look for the BitRate for Music If there’s no BitRate in a music file, there’s no music in the file It means that it is a virus Videos and Software don’t have BitRates.

Another thing to do when you download a file, for example Mp3′s, rightclick at the bar at the top (that’s the info bar), select the “length” option, and again, check if it has any length available, if not, it’s probably a virus, and if it’s ABOVE the exact length, e.g. your song is typically 2 to 3 minutes, but if the file is 23 minutes, that’s probably a virus.

Look at how the file is displayed, most likely but not always the ones that aren’t capitalized are viruses.

If you do download a file look at the status, if it is going unusually fast it might be a virus.

photo of Check your Mac for a Virus

In Software Land, Macs are notoriously “virus proof” Unfortunately, the reputation has given millions of Mac owners a false sense of security Macs rarely get viruses because
most malware lurking about is geared towards the Windows Operating System and Macs are built upon the very solid UNIX core (which I will not go into) In the end, Macs are simply virus “resistant” which means your Mac could eventually be affected Here’s what to do if you want to make sure that hasn’t happened yet:

the sources;

http://www.ehow.com

http://www.wikihow.com

http://tech.its.iastate.edu